烟台2025学年度第一学期期末教学质量检测高一英语

1、Our nation should first develop modern law __________ in ruling the country by law.

A. awareness   B. opportunities

C. regulation   D. principle

2、He is busy writing the article all the morning, only ________ occasionally to have a cup of coffee.

A. breaking off   B. breaking down

C. breaking through   D. breaking up

3、--Why won’t you go to Jim’s birthday party with us?

--Well, I don’t like him, if you ________know.

A. can   B. may   C. must D. should

4、---Kevin, you look worried. Anything wrong?

---Well, I a test and I’m waiting for the result．

A. am taking B. took

C. had taken D. take

5、When ______ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing many similarities.

A．being compared

B．comparing

C．Compared

D．having been compared

6、 ________ I admit that there are problems, I don’t agree that they cannot be solved.

A. When   B. Because

C. If   D. While

7、(2016·北京卷·单项填空) I am not afraid of tomorrow, ________ I have seen yesterday and I love today.

A. so B. and

C. for D. but

8、Kathryn's just phoned to say she's working _____ this evening and we needn't wait for her for dinner.

A.late B.lately C.soon D.freely

9、The electronic red-packet has been so ______  that AliPay and Tencent Wechat compete against each other openly and secretly since the beginning of this year.

A. popular   B. convenient   C. favorable   D. arbitrary

10、Could you describe the changes information technology ________and tell whether all the changes are positive?

A．is brought about

B．has brought about

C．will bring about

D．had brought about

11、However busy you are, try to ________ at least half an hour each day to practice listening and reading.

A. put away   B. put up

C. put off   D. put aside

12、Your encouragement and support are greatly ____, for they will make a difference on our research.

A.encouraged B.appreciated C.enjoyed D.considered

13、At that time, people ______that all species had appeared on Earth at the same time, and ______since.

A．was believing; didn’t change

B．believed; hadn’t changed

C．had believed; hadn’t changed

D．believed; haven’t changed

14、With your help, there is no doubt ______ our plan is meant for will work out successfully．

A．that what B．whether that

C．what that D．that whether

15、 In his speech, he said that it was his primary school teachers that he was fond of ________ influenced his whole life.

A.what B.which C.as D.who

16、From 1902 to 1904, Picasso, the twentieth-century’s greatest western artist, painted a series of pictures _______ the main color was blue.

A. when   B. that

C. where   D. which

17、Mary is very ______ towards her colleagues in the company, so they are willing to cooperate with her.

A．sensitive

B．aggressive

C．moody

D．considerate

18、—Why is Tom in such a hurry？

—He ________ for Beijing to attend an important meeting.The flight ________ at 6∶00.

A．leaves；leaves

B．is leaving；leaves

C．will leave；has left

D．leaves；is to leave

19、— Could you please explain the assignment for Monday, Miss Smith?

— Certainly. Read the next chapter and come to class ________ to discuss what you’ve read.

A. preparing   B. prepared

C. to prepare   D. to be prepared

20、His uncle went abroad in 2010, and ________since．

A．has not been heard of   B．had not been heard of

C．had not heard of D．has not heard of

21、“The Delta variant is the most able, fastest and fittest of the coronavirus variants,” said Mike Ryan, executive director of the World Health Organization’s Health Emergencies Program. And the USA’s top health officials said recently that the Delta variant is racing through the country and now is responsible for 83% of all USA cases. So what makes the variant so horrible？

The Delta variant was first identified in India in spring this year. In just a few months’ time，it has spread across the globe. Research from the United Kingdom shows that the Delta variant is highly contagious(传染的). It’s about 60% more easily passed from person to person than the Alpha version, which was first identified in the UK. While a single infected person might have spread older versions of the virus to two or three others, number—called the basic reproduction number—might be around six for Delta, meaning that, on average, each infected person spreads the virus to six others.

Early evidence suggests the Delta variant may cause more severe disease in people who are not vaccinated. In fact, it has raised the risk even higher, increasing the odds that an infected person would need to be hospitalized or could die from their infection by 50% compared to older variants, regardless of vaccination status.

Emerging evidence from England and Scotland, analyzed by Public Health England, also shows an increased risk for hospitalization with Delta. The Delta variant has about 15 different mutations(突变) compared with the original virus. Two of these mutations can help the virus escape the antibodies we make to fight it.

It has another mutation that is also getting researchers’ attention—known as P681R. This mutation appears to help the virus get into our cells. So it’s more likely to be in the right position to infect our cells if we come into contact with it.

P681R may also enhance the virus’ ability to unite cells together to be clumps(团块). These clumps of cells are called syncytia(合胞体). They turn into a big factory for making viruses. Scientists aren’t sure what these supersized syncytia mean exactly, but they have some theories. They may help the virus copy itself more rapidly. That may enhance the ability of the virus to transmit from person to person. At least one recent study from China supports this idea. That study tracked 167 people infected with the Delta variant back to a single case.

Scientists say that what we already know about the Delta variant makes vaccination more important than ever.

【1】Compared to the Alpha variant, the Delta variant ________.

A．leads to more variants globally

B．appeared in the USA much earlier

C．spreads more easily and quickly

D．has caused more trouble in the UK

【2】What does the underlined word “odds” probably mean？

A．significance

B．speed

C．probability

D．amount

【3】What can be learned about P681R？

A．It helps kill infected cells.

B．It needs to be studied further.

C．It helps viruses survive antibodies.

D．It can cause more mutations.

【4】What’s the main purpose of the text？

A．To give an explanation.

B．To open a discussion.

C．To make comparisons.

D．To promote a suggestion.

22、Be it sugar, computer games or social media, the response in our brain is the same: It produces the “feel-good” neurochemical called dopamine（多巴胺），which brings feelings of pleasure and motivation. “It may be even more important for motivation than for actual pleasure,” says Dr. Anna Lembke, a Stanford Medical School psychiatrist and researcher.

A dopamine hit brings about pleasure, which is quickly followed by pain, in order to keep us motivated. Lembke says this balancing see-saw of pleasure and pain made sense in the time of early humans, when they had to constantly search for basic needs—food, water, and shelter. “It’s really a smart method to make sure that no matter what we do, that’s pleasurable. It doesn’t last very long and it's followed by pain so that immediately we're searching again,” she explains.

But, in modern life, we live in a world of abundance, and Lembke says our brains weren't evolved for the “fire hose of dopamine” of sugar, social media, the Internet, TV, drugs or anything else so easily available. In short, Lembke says, almost every behavior has become a drug.

When we're repeatedly exposed to our pleasure-producing stimuli（刺激物），our brains adjust and, eventually, we need more and more just to feel “normal”, or not in pain. That’s called a “dopamine deficit state”, and the cycle that leads us there can actually lead to depression or anxiety.

Finally, Lembke says, this is a universal problem—not one limited to those of us struggling with the disease of addiction—that has come with living in modern life.

To maintain balance and wholeheartedness, we have to strike a pleasure-pain balance, which, in a time of abundance and over-consumption, means intentionally avoiding pleasure and seeking the kind of purposeful pain that keeps us healthy, such as exercise or resisting certain temptations. “By doing that,” Lembke says, “we will reset reward pathways and ultimately be a lot happier. It's simple but not easy, but it's well worth doing.”

【1】What do we learn about dopamine?

A．It makes our body balanced.

B．It brings temporary pleasure.

C．It makes us impatient.

D．It brings unbearable pain.

【2】What does Lembke think of the balancing see-saw of pleasure and pain in ancient times?

A．It was useless.

B．It was harmful.

C．It was meaningful.

D．It was impossible.

【3】What does the underlined word “there” in paragraph 4 refer to?

A．The state of feeling normal.

B．Too many pleasure-producing stimuli.

C．The state of happiness.

D．A dopamine deficit state.

【4】What is Dr. Anna Lembke's final suggestion?

A．Experiencing necessary pain.

B．Avoiding having fun.

C．Running after comfort.

D．Having abundant resources.

23、“Did you hear what happened to Adam Last Friday?” Lindsey whispers to Tori.

With her eyes shining, Tori brags, “You bet I did. Sean told me two days ago.”

Who are Lindsey and Tori talking about? It just happened to be yours truly, Adam Freedman. I can tell you that what they are saying is (a) not nice and (b) not even true. Still, Lindsey and Tori aren’t very different from most students here at Linton High School, including me. Many of our conversations are gossip(闲话). I have noticed three effects of gossip: it can hurt people, it can give gossipers a strange kind of satisfaction, and it can cause social pressures in a group.

An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person being talked about. Usually, gossip spreads information about a topic–breakups, trouble at home, even dropping out-that a person would rather keep secret. The more embarrassing or shameful the secret is, the juicier the gossip it makes. Probably the worst type of gossip is the absolute lie. People often think of gossipers as harmless, but cruel lies can cause pain.

If we know that gossip can be harmful, then why do so many of us do it? The answer lies in another effect of gossip: the satisfaction it gives us. Sharing the latest rumor can make a person feel important because he or she knows something that others don’t. Similarly, hearing the latest rumor can make a person feel like part of the “in group.” In other words, gossip is satisfying because it gives people a sense of  belonging or even superiority(优越感).

Gossip also can have a third effect: it strengthens unwritten, unspoken rules about how people should act. Professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing behaviors in a group. Translated into high school terms, this means that if everybody you hang around with is laughing at what John wore or what Jane said, then you can bet that wearing or saying something similar will get you the same kind of negative attention. The do’s and don’ts conveyed through gossip will never show up in any student handbook.

The effects of gossip vary depending on the situation. The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news, think about why you want to gossip and what effects your “juicy story” might have.

【1】The author uses a conversation at the beginning of the passage to   .

A. introduce a topic   B. present an argument

C. describe the characters   D. clarify his writing purpose

【2】An important negative effects of gossip is that it   .

A. breaks up relationships   B. embarrasses the listener

C. spreads information around   D. causes unpleasant experiences

【3】In the author’s opinion, many people like to gossip because it   .

A. gives them a feeling of pleasure   B. helps them to make more friends

C. makes them better at telling stories   D. enables them to meet important people

24、Some people say that dogs are man’s best friend, loyal and loveable. In fact, they can be more than just a pet as certain breeds are excellent working dogs too. We know about the amazing help guide dogs give to blind people and, more recently, a new role has been found for the animals—working as therapy dogs in universities.

Research by Washington State University in the US, has found spending time with a dog can help stressed students. Patricia Pendry from the university told the BBC that a study of 300 undergraduates had found weekly hour-long sessions with dogs brought to the university by professional handlers had made stressed students at high risk of academic failure or dropping out “feel relaxed and accepted”. The dogs helped them to concentrate, learn and remember information.

The BBC’s education correspondent Sean Coughlan writes that around 1,000 campuses in the US already use therapy pets and it’s becoming more common in the UK. Fiona Suthers, head of clinical skills at the university, is in charge of the program. She says that five dogs have been introduced to her school after a strict assessment to ensure they had the right temper. But she adds “it’s hard to describe the impact of just having a dog lying down in the corner of a class.”

Student Union education officer Chloe Hutchinson told the BBC that “a lot of students have dogs at home and might be a bit homesick, especially around exam time when it is stressful and they just want their home comforts.” So if you’re a student who’s been working like a dog, but you still feel like you haven’t a dog’s chance in passing your exams, maybe introducing a four-legged friend into your life might be the help you need.

【1】What benefit of dogs is not mentioned in the passage?

A．They can be human’s companions.

B．They can help students overcome mental illness.

C．They can help the blind.

D．They can promote stressed students’ concentration.

【2】What’s Fiona Suther’s attitude towards introducing dogs into a class?

A．Unwilling

B．Tolerant

C．Positive

D．Unsure

【3】What does the underlined sentence mean?

A．You have no advantage over other students.

B．You have difficulty in passing the exams.

C．You don’t have a chance to have a dog.

D．your dog doesn’t help you pass exams.

【4】Where can you read this passage?

A．In a popular magazine.

B．In an education journal.

C．In a medicine advertisement.

D．In a local guide book.

25、   Everybody wants to be happy, but not everybody knows what happiness is and how to be happy. I listen to how people discuss with each other with interest. Mostly they _______. They get caught in negative stuff , talk about it _______ and try to make others agree with them in their misery. And they pay no attention to the most _______thing.

Happiness is a feeling. We should _______ how to create such a feeling. Do you know how to be _______ on purpose?

We are so used to our negative mindset that we don’t even _______ it at all. So our mind, used to negativity, looks at the world through the eyes of _______. Even if an event is positive, we cannot find the emotion of pure _______, because we always think of negative things.

This _______ happened to me. It was in my twenties that I first ______________ my own negative self-talk. Once, on a bus, looking at the sunny skies, I noticed the ______________ and found myself thinking that rain was coming, and the______________ day would turn grey and miserable soon.

Many people around me were ______________ the same, and we saw nothing ______________ in this behavior. We simply did not know how to be happy.

But gradually my ______________ to positive thinking started. I cannot ______________ bad stuff from happening, but I have built tools in my mind to ______________ the bad events.

Happiness is a string of short moments, and in each of those memories we have the ______________ to choose how to make a response. We can learn to think on purpose. And with purposeful ______________ we learn to create wanted emotion, which will help us find ______________ in our life, and even happiness.

【1】A.explain B.laugh C.complain D.question

【2】A.politely B.gently C.friendly D.constantly

【3】A.impossible B.important C.favorable D.surprising

【4】A.take down B.wonder at C.make up D.concentrate on

【5】A.happy B.lucky C.unusual D.interested

【6】A.understand B.mention C.recognize D.remember

【7】A.selflessness B.sorrow C.freedom D.confidence

【8】A.pleasure B.sadness C.pain D.regret

【9】A.fortunately B.hardly C.finally D.certainly

【10】A.noticed B.proved C.doubted D.changed

【11】A.birds B.stars C.clouds D.rainbows

【12】A.snowy B.terrible C.foggy D.beautiful

【13】A.admitting B.looking C.behaving D.explaining

【14】A.strange B.exciting C.similar D.comfortable

【15】A.career B.journey C.visit    D.education

【16】A.protect B.prevent C.spare D.free

【17】A.look at B.search for C.pull through D.go through

【18】A.secret B.reason C.power D.need

【19】A.management B.thinking C.arrangement D.discussion

【20】A.balance B.excuse C.hurt D.cheating

26、假定你是李华。在校报英语专栏看到了学校“英语文化节”的一则招募启事，请阅读启事，并根据写作要点写一封应征邮件。

Volunteers Wanted

Our annual English Festival, which will be held on June 15-17, 2015, is now looking for 20 student volunteers to provide service for Talent Show, Speech Contest, and English Debate. If you are interested, please send an application email at your earliest convenience to Ms. Chen at www. chenlaoshi@163.com.

要点：1. 陈述应征目的；

2. 说明应征条件（性格、能力等）。

注意： 1. 字数100词左右；

2. 可根据情况增加细节，使行文连贯。

Dear Ms. Chen,

I’m Li Hua, a student from Grade 3. ____________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

Looking forward to your reply.

Yours sincerely,

Li Hua